3) Physical Well-being – Healthy Body

[Highlights] [Reading] [Worksheets] [Handouts] [Assessment Tasks]

Highlights

1. Indicators for measuring physical health and their implications

Problem	Measuring	Tool	Indictor
Abnormal growth and development	Weight (kg) and Height (cm)	Scale, measuring tape	Growth charts
Obesity	Weight (kg) / Height (m)²	Scale, measuring tape	Body Mass Index (BMI)
Obesity	Fat ratio	Calipers/body fat scale	Fat ratio
Central obesity	Waist Circumference (cm)	Measuring tape	Waist circumference
Central obesity	Waist / Hip Circumference(cm)	Measuring tape	Waist-hip ratio (WHR)
Cardiovascular diseases such as heart diseases and hypertension	Pulse rate	Counting Heart rate monitor	Pulse rate
	Blood Pressure	Blood Pressure Monitor	Systolic blood pressure Diastolic blood pressure

2. Aspects of physical fitness

Aspect

Examples

Muscular strength

Resistance exercise such as weight lifting

Muscular endurance

Marathon

Cardio-respiratory endurance

Aerobic exercise

Flexibility

Stretching, Tai-chi, Yoga

3. Health management

a. Nutrition

Vitamins – fat-soluble (vitamins A, D, E and K) and water-soluble (vitamins B and C)
Minerals – include calcium, iron, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, magnesium and sulphur

b. Malnutrition

c. Unbalanced diet

d. Balanced Diet

e. Cholesterol

f. Energy Balance

Energy input vs energy output = weight gain / lose
Unhealthy eating habits, such as the frequent consumption of high-calorie fast food, may lead to high energy input
Insufficient physical activities due to the increasing sedentary nature of workplace and leisure activities, may lead to low energy output
Obesity developed when energy input is much larger than the energy output

Reading

Worksheets

Handouts

Assessment Tasks