5) Social Well-being – Inter-personal Relationship

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Highlights

1. Interpersonal Relationships

Types of relationships	family relationship friends and peer relationship intimate relationship workplace relationship
Positive effects on personal development	Physical development: satisfies physiological needs (e.g. care provided by parents) Intellectual development: facilitates learning through social interactions (e.g. co-construction of knowledge) Emotional development: provides emotional support to satisfy human needs of security and love Social development: provides social support that helps solve the crisis and increases the capacity to cope with crises
Negative effects on personal development	Physical development: leads to injuries / delayed growth and development in abuses Intellectual development: discourages independent thinking and personal judgement Emotional development: leads to stress, negative self-concept or low self-esteem Social development: leads to social withdrawal or isolation / antisocial behaviour
Loneliness	Social loneliness – social isolation / lack of friends Emotional loneliness – lack of attachment and intimacy
Changes	Interpersonal relationships change in response to the transition of different life stages child-parent relationships, sibling relationships relationships outside the nuclear family (friendship, courtship, working relationship) Development of interpersonal relationships: initial, stable, intimate and ending phases
Intimate relationship	Elements of love : intimacy, passion, commitment

2. Family relationship

Changes that occur in families throughout the life cycle

The linkages between the nuclear and the extended family

Nuclear family – a couple living with their dependent children in the same residence
Extended family – couples live with original families
Linkages – depend on parents of original families for child care and social support

Factors affecting Sibling relationships

3. Friends and peer relationship

Peer groups

Group conformity

Reasons

Impacts

With peer support, it is easier to adopt healthy lifestyles and appropriate social behavior (positive)
Practice dangerous behaviour to avoid being isolated / rejected (negative)
Discourage self-assertiveness / independent thinking / personal judgment (negative)

4. Workplace relationship

Types	Independent Dependent Competing Conflicting
Conflict management / conflict resolution strategies	Avoiding Competing Accommodating Compromising Collaborating