15B) Health and Social Care Issue – Discrimination

1. Prejudice and discrimination

Prejudice	Attitudes and beliefs – stereotyping based on a faulty and inflexible generalisation
Discrimination	Behaviour and practice

2. Discrimination

Direct	Different treatments – treating a person less favourably under comparable circumstances
Indirect	Same treatment – impose same requirement / condition on everyone, but some groups are less able to comply with the requirement /condition & will therefore be disadvantaged as a result. Requirement / condition cannot be justified, i.e. not fair & reasonable.

3. Discrimination towards the following:

Gender	e.g. not employed / promoted due to the gender
Age	e.g. elderly with physical deterioration seen as financial burden to family and society
Disability	e.g. housing estates do not provide wheelchair access to the residents
Ethnic minorities	e.g. employers reject the job application of the ethnic minorities due to language barriers
Patients	e.g. employers terminate the employment due to the frequent sick leave of the patients for medical appointment

4. Four Acculturation Strategies of Ethnic minorities/ Mainstream society

		Heritage
		Yes	No
Maintain relationship with Dominant Culture/ Mainstream Society	Yes	Integration (Multiculturalism)	Assimilation (Melting pot)
	No	Separation (Segregation)	Marginalization (Exclusion)

5. Impacts on the health and social care systems

Healthcare system – increase medical burden

Discrimination leads to the stigma of mental illness. To avoid social isolation, patients may conceal the case history and hinder early diagnosis / treatment that results in a higher risk of relapse
Discrimination is a stressor leading to strain that affects the mental health of patients and carers, which may also result in mental disorder

Social care system – increase vulnerability of disadvantaged groups

Negative impacts personal development – unsatisfied needs; negative self-image; social and emotional isolation affects different aspects of health
Persons under discrimination may lack of tight social support network. They may have difficulties in mobilizing individual resources (including personal ability, financial asset and social network etc.) to deal with crisis and become vulnerable groups eventually.

6. Possible Means and Solutions

Individual	Avoid discriminatory behaviour / stereotypes Learn about people who are different and show empathy and respect for all
Community	Healthy settings – community, workplace and school to develop a culture of acceptance Provide support services to the vulnerable groups
Society	Legislation Disability Discrimination Ordinance Sex Discrimination Ordinance Family Status Discrimination Ordinance Race Discrimination Ordinance

Reading

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Assessment Tasks